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On Tuesday, Bitdefender announced its researchers had discovered new malware that's targeting Macs. The malware is referenced as Backdoor.MAC.Eleanor and it's capable of fully compromising your system. With the malware present, attackers can steal files, control your webcam, execute code and more.
So how does it work, how do you know if you're affected and what should you do if you are?
How the malware infects Macs
Hackers often look for exploits with the least resistance, and in many cases that's the unknowing user.
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This backdoor is no different. It comes packaged inside what appears to be a legitimate file converter application, called EasyDoc Converter. However, the application doesn't actually work. Once installed, it runs a malicious script which installs a Tor hidden service, allowing attackers to remotely access and control the infected machine. This script sets up a web service which gives attackers the ability to manipulate files, execute commands and scripts, access a list of running processes and applications and send emails with attachments.
The malware also uses a tool called 'wacaw,' which allows an attacker to capture videos and images using the built-in webcam.
Using this software, Bitdefender warns an attacker could 'lock you out of your laptop, threaten to blackmail you to restore your private files or transform your laptop into a botnet to attack other devices.'
How to know if your Mac is infected
There is some good news, however. Seeing as the malware has only been found packaged in the EasyDoc Converter application, you have to download the application, install it and run it for your machine to have been affected.
Macs have an extra security step called Gatekeeper, which is located in System Preferences under Security & Privacy. By default, it stops unsigned applications from unidentified developers from running. If you download an unsigned application from outside the Mac App Store and try to run it, you will be met with a prompt stating the application cannot be opened.
If you downloaded the application, assuming you don't have Gatekeeper disabled, this prompt would have appeared when you tried running the application. To open the app, you would have to deliberately override the security settings to run the application the first time.
So if you never downloaded the application and/or didn't bypass Gatekeeper settings to run it, your Mac is not infected with the Backdoor.MAC.Eleanor malware.
On the other hand, if you did either, your Mac is may likely infected.
How to get rid of it
If you still have access to your Mac, you're in luck. Malwarebytes and Sophos have already been updated to detect Backdoor.MAC.Eleanor, and any anti-virus software that scans for malware should soon follow suit. To rid your Mac of the malware, download the Malwarebytes Anti-Malware application for Mac or Sophos Home, run a scan immediately and delete any associated files.
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To avoid instances like this in the future, ensure Gatekeeper settings are set to only allow applications from the Mac App Store and identified developers. If you need to install an application from an unknown developer, be certain that it's from a trusted source.
Also, consider using an application like BlockBlock to detect the installation of any persistent software. This is not necessarily malware detection, but can help point out applications with components that shouldn't be there. Pair this with a periodic scan with Malwarebytes and more caution when downloading applications from untrustworthy sources and your Mac should remain free of malware.
If you suspect your Mac was infected with this malware, your best course of action is restoring from a Time Machine backup or reinstalling OS X.
- Access Recovery by powering down the Mac.
- Hold Command and R while powering the machine back on and release them when the Apple logo appears.
- If you have a Time Machine backup, try restoring from a date prior to when you installed the EasyDoc Coverter.app.
- If you do not have a Time Machine backup to restore, select Reinstall OS X. Be aware: You will lose any locally stored data on the hard drive, including pictures, documents and other files.
- Wait for the system to finish the restore or reinstalling, and consider installing anti-malware software.
Editors' Note: This post was originally published on July 7 and has been updated with removal information.
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As Mac OS X users, we have something to be happy about when it comes to app crashes and freezes: rarity. Typically you can work on your Mac for hours at a time without a single issue. However, a crashing app certainly can happen, leading to lost productivity, time and, worst of all, lost work. Fortunately, there are several steps you can take to recover from a crashed app, as well as prevent the issue in the first place.
How to fix a crashing app after the macOS upgrade
App crashes after the the macOS update is more than a common problem. Some apps freeze or malfunction, some won’t launch, some show no signs of life whatsoever. Why it happens? The most probable reason is that the app is simply not ready for the latest macOS Mojave. Something in its depth turned out to be incompatible with the new macOS.
Now, what can you do to fix an app crashing? Three things.
- First, see if you have the latest version of the app by clicking on its name it the top menu and choosing Check for updates.
- Second, visit developer’s website (or App Store page) and see if they’ve issued a statement about Mojave compatibility.
- Finally, some crashed apps on macOS Mojave can be fixed by running maintenance scripts. Download CleanMyMac X, launch it, find Maintenance tab and run the scripts.
What happens when an app craches: under the hood
Now let's go deeper into the nature of crashed apps, but first, let’s identify the difference between a crashed macOS app and a frozen one. While these terms are often used interchangeably, there is a notable difference.
Crash
A crash happens when a piece of software stops working altogether, and then closes on its own. In other words, the app quits when you did not tell it to. When this happens, you'll typically see a message noting that the application has 'unexpectedly quit” just as its windows disappears. It’s pretty frustrating — especially if you end up losing all your work.
Freeze
A freeze is when software stops functioning, but continues to run. You can still see its windows, and its Dock icon still indicates that it’s running. However, no amount of clicking or tabbing around will do anything. A frozen app doesn’t quit like a crashed app does, it simply becomes unresponsive. Often no error messages accompany the freeze. Again, it’s a frustrating experience (if you want to know how to deal with it, check out this post on how to fix frozen apps).
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When software freezes, you force it to quit, so that you can re-launch and hopefully get on with your work. With crashes, meanwhile, the problem is the app quitting on its own. In this article, I’ll discuss recovering from app crashes, as well as steps that help prevent them in the first place. Let’s get started.
What to do when a Mac OS X app crashes
The good news here is that a crashed app rarely brings down your entire Mac, as the trouble is restricted to that particular piece of software. That means we have a chance to recover. Let’s start with the simplest solutions.
First, just relaunch the app. When an app crashes, you’ll typically see a dialog box that says the software “unexpectedly quit” and you’ll have several options to deal with it, including “Relaunch”. Give that a click and cross your fingers that the crash doesn’t happen again. Oftentimes, you’re good from there. If not…
Try restarting your Mac. “Turn if off and back on again” is almost a punchline at this point, but it usually works. Shut down, restart and try again. Very often this simple task will set things right. If not, it’s time to try something just a little more involved.
Reinstall the app. Deleting the misbehaving app and grabbing a new copy gives you a fresh version to work with. That is, if you delete all of the app’s related files.
See, when you drag an app to the Trash, you aren’t deleting everything. Some leftover parts remain, and if the troublemaker is among them, your problem could persist. It’s a waste of time to delete an app via drag-and-drop, reinstall and then have it crash again. To make things right, you need to get rid of the app’s bits and pieces before you reinstall it, and this is where software like CleanMyMac X comes in handy.
An app that’s simply dragged to the Trash leaves behind a pile of associated files that you don’t see, like caches, preferences (often the culprit in crash-y apps), saved states, and more. You might not even know they’re there, but CleanMyMac X does. It’s smart enough to find the whole lot, safely remove them, and ensure that a newly installed app is just that: a complete fresh start.
In fact, you don’t even have to launch CleanMyMac X to thoroughly and safely delete an app. Simply right-click (or Control-click) the app’s icon and select “Uninstall with CleanMyMac” from Services in the resulting contextual menu. Easy!
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Another wise move is to make sure there are no conflicts between the app and the Mac OS. When Apple pushes an update of its operating system to your Mac, that might interfere with your app’s performance, if the app or its add-ons are incompatible with this particular OS X version.
CleanMyMac can help you out here, too. Download it for free, go to its Uninstaller module and find the misbehaving app in the list. If you see a note that this app is incompatible with your system, it means you need to update the app, because your current version doesn’t work on the latest OS X.
How can you stay on top of aging apps? Apple makes it easy with software purchased through the Mac App Store. Simply launch the App Store app, go to the Updates tab, and you’ll see all available app updates. Find the one you need in the list, click the Update button, and you’ll get the latest version to your Mac. It’s a bit different with software acquired outside the App Store: you’ll have to visit the vendor’s website to see if there’s a new version available.
If nothing indicates that the troublemaker app is incompatible with your system, the problem could be with its add-ons or preferences. What you can do in this case is reset the app to its initial state. Again, go to the Uninstaller module in CleanMyMac X, select your app, and click Application Reset. CleanMyMac will make that app just the way it was when you first installed it.
What to do when an app crashes at launch
So far I’ve addressed what to do when an app crashes as you’re using it. But what about the frustrating scenario of an app going down as soon as you launch it? No warning, no dialog box, just a bounce or two in the Dock and that’s it. In this case, it’s time to repair disk permissions.
What’s does fixing permissions actually mean? Think of your Mac’s hard drive as a tree with many branches. The top level of your drive is the tree’s trunk, and the branches represent information about files and folders. These branches, or “nodes,” store information like the location of data and permission rules, among other things. Normal computer use changes this information, and can lead to a conflict or other issue that generates crashes and the inability to use your system. This is what a permission fix addresses.
To repair disk permissions (for OS X prior to El Captian), go to the Utilities in your Mac’s Applications folder and launch Disk Utility. Next, click First Aid. It’ll ask for confirmation and get to work, comparing existing permission files with defaults to find any conflicts.
Or, if you want a slightly simpler way, you can fix the permissions with CleanMyMac X Maintenance Scripts. Just open the Maintenance tab, hit Choose Tasks and then Repair Disk Permissions. This helps resolve improper app behavior like crashing and keeps all of your disk’s files and folders in proper order. And that’s just one of the maintenance tasks available in CleanMyMac X, just try it.
A crashing app is no fun. Fortunately, a little understanding and proactive behavior can keep them to a minimum. CleanMyMac X makes it easy to do just that. Happy computing, and may your apps never crash again!